By Blake Jackson
Welcoming a newborn foal into the world is an exciting but crucial time for horse owners and breeders. Ensuring the foal's health and well-being from the moment it arrives is essential for its long-term development. Here's a guide on caring for a newborn foal:
Upon birth, promptly remove the amnion, the white membrane covering the foal's nose and mouth, to facilitate normal breathing. Within the first 30 seconds, the foal should breathe without difficulty.
Foals typically stand within an hour of birth and should nurse from their dam within two hours. Colostrum, the first milk produced by the mare, is rich in antibodies crucial for the foal's immunity. High-quality colostrum is thick, yellow, and sticky.
If the mare's colostrum appears thin or watery, alternative measures may be necessary to boost the foal's antibody levels. Consult a veterinarian about administering plasma, derived from vaccinated horses, to provide essential antibodies.
Regular nursing is vital for the foal's nutrition and hydration. They should nurse at least every hour, taking breaks in between.
Passing meconium, the foal's first manure, is another important milestone. Meconium is typically dark brown and can be firm. Although some foals may require a store-bought enema to facilitate meconium passage, it's not always necessary and should be limited to one per foal due to potential side effects.
If the foal struggles to pass meconium, indicating a potential impaction, prompt veterinary attention is necessary. Additionally, monitor the foal's urination; a single stream is normal, while two separate streams may indicate umbilical issues requiring examination and care.
For umbilical care, use a diluted chlorhexidine solution to clean the umbilicus several times daily during the first few days of life. Check for signs of infection, such as heat or swelling, around the umbilicus and joints.
Observe the foal's behavior for signs of normalcy, including regular resting, nursing, urination, and exploration of its surroundings. Any deviation from typical behavior, such as loss of interest in nursing or abnormal interactions, warrants attention.
Maintain a monthly checklist for the foal, including necessary supplies, such as towels, umbilical dip, and a thermometer. Schedule a veterinary examination within the first 12-24 hours for a physical assessment and antibody level check. Consistent monitoring of the foal's health and behavior is crucial during the early days of life to address any potential issues promptly.
By understanding and closely monitoring normal foal behavior, horse owners and breeders can ensure the well-being and proper development of newborn foals. Taking proactive measures and seeking veterinary assistance when needed contribute to raising healthy and thriving young horses.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-patrick-jennings
Categories: Pennsylvania, Livestock