Flood Recovery Tips for Farmers - Safety to Soil Health

By Blake Jackson

Flooding can significantly impact agriculture, especially when floodwaters are tainted with sewage or heavy metals. With recent rains affecting many fields, it’s critical to make informed decisions to protect food safety, soil health, and livestock well-being.

Safety First and Initial Evaluation

Before entering flooded fields, allow water to fully drain. Some low-lying areas may remain submerged. Always wear protective gear like boots, gloves, and masks to minimize exposure to harmful pathogens or toxic substances.

If contamination is suspected, consult local extension agents or environmental offices. Common concerns include raw sewage, which may carry E. coli and Salmonella, and heavy metals like lead, cadmium, or arsenic, which can accumulate in crops.

Specific Crop Management

Evaluate plants for signs of stress such as wilting or yellowing.

• Corn at VE-V4 stages may recover if water drains quickly.
• Soybeans are more vulnerable to saturated conditions; check nodules for healthy red coloring.

Wait 2-3 weeks before replanting or treating. Avoid harvesting if sewage exposure is confirmed.

Hay and Pasture

If hay was cut and remained on the field during flooding, it should not be fed to livestock. Standing forage should regrow for several weeks, with the first growth mowed and discarded if contamination is possible. Test soil for nitrates and metals, especially if near industrial areas.

Barley and Wheat

Grains submerged or splashed by contaminated water are unsafe for harvest, per FDA rules. If only lodged, allow drying and evaluate for sprouting or mold. Test grain for mycotoxins and metal content before selling.

Soil Recovery and Testing

Post-flood soil tests should assess pH, pathogens, and heavy metal levels. Delay planting edible crops until levels are safe.

Using cover crops such as rye or sunflowers can help reduce contaminants. Add organic matter or amendments like lime or gypsum to improve soil structure.

Insurance and Documentation

Report flood damage promptly. Document field conditions with photos and maps. Check with insurers about replant or prevent plant options.

Keep Records and Stay Informed

Maintain detailed logs and communicate test results and decisions to buyers, grain handlers, and livestock users.

Prompt, informed action after flooding can reduce long-term impacts and protect both human and environmental health.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-jj-gouin