By Blake Jackson
Agrivoltaics is a new concept gaining traction in the US as we strive for energy independence through renewable sources like solar power. Pennsylvania, with its ambitious goal of 10% solar energy production by 2030, is seeing an increase in solar projects. But what if you could use your land for both solar energy generation and agriculture? Agrivoltaics allows you to do just that.
The key difference between agrivoltaics and simply having solar panels on your property is that both activities must happen simultaneously on the same land. Panels on your barn roof with animals grazing nearby wouldn't count. However, sheep or cattle grazing between functioning solar panels is a true agrivoltaic system.
There are two main system types: elevated systems with panels raised 6 feet off the ground for crops or livestock to grow underneath, and inter-row systems where panels are closer to the ground with space between them for agriculture.
Livestock grazing, often called solar grazing, is a popular agrivoltaic practice. Sheep are preferred for their grazing behavior and ability to function in both elevated and inter-row systems. They also require less maintenance compared to using herbicides or mowing. While cattle can be used, elevated systems are necessary to prevent them from damaging panels.
It's important to note that agrivoltaic systems typically produce less solar energy (around 50%) due to the spacing required for agriculture. Additionally, local regulations may limit panel height in elevated systems.
While research is ongoing, sheep grazing with agrivoltaics has shown promise. Any breed or stage of sheep production can be used, with lambs a few weeks old being most common. Shade from the panels can even benefit the sheep.
Forage selection is crucial. Shade-tolerant mixes like orchardgrass, ryegrass, and clover are ideal. Wheat is a successful small grain crop choice, with other options like soybeans and corn being tested.
As solar farms increase, opportunities for farmers will grow. Leasing land or contract grazing with solar companies are becoming more common. Farmers considering agrivoltaics should ensure they have the first right to manage vegetation, especially when grazing livestock. This includes controlling herbicide and pesticide use and addressing water access, fencing, and animal movement considerations within the system.
Agrivoltaics offers a unique way to maximize land use, benefitting both solar energy production and agricultural practices. As research progresses and opportunities expand, Pennsylvania's farmers may find agrivoltaics to be a valuable tool for the future.
Photo Credit: istock-shansekala
Categories: Pennsylvania, Energy