By Blake Jackson
Pennsylvania farmers are preparing for potential slug damage as planting season approaches, following a severe slug infestation in 2024.
The unusually high slug populations were attributed to a mild winter, allowing adult slugs to survive and lay more eggs, and early soybean planting coupled with cool, wet conditions that slowed crop growth.
To minimize slug damage, an integrated pest management (IPM) approach is recommended, focusing on preventative measures. Research suggests that fostering ground beetle populations, natural slug predators, through diverse crop rotations and cover crops can help suppress slug numbers. Avoid unnecessary insecticide applications to protect these beneficial insects.
At planting, ensure crops are planted at optimal soil temperatures for rapid germination and seedling growth. Smaller, slow-growing seedlings are more vulnerable to slug feeding.
The minimum three-day average soil temperature for corn and soybeans to germinate is 50°F. Ideal temperatures for uniform stands are 60-70°F for corn and 77°F for soybeans. Waiting for warmer soil can help crops, particularly soybeans, outgrow potential slug damage.
Using row cleaners at planting can reduce slug damage by exposing soil to sunlight, promoting faster soil warming and plant growth. Proper furrow closure is also essential to prevent "slug highways," where slugs easily access seeds and seedlings.
Starter or pop-up fertilizers can further decrease slug damage in corn. In-furrow and banded applications of ammonium nitrate have shown the most significant reduction in slug-damaged plants. These fertilizers promote rapid plant growth, reducing vulnerability to slugs.
Scout fields to determine if insecticide seed treatments are necessary. Following IPM principles and using insecticides judiciously allows ground beetles to effectively control slugs and other pests.
Keep slug bait on hand for rescue treatments. If monitoring reveals 1-2 slugs per trap and severe feeding damage or dying seedlings, apply slug bait to affected areas.
These baits are most cost-effective as spot treatments in heavily infested areas. However, be aware that rain can diminish their effectiveness.
By implementing these best management practices, Pennsylvania farmers can reduce slug damage and protect their crops during the planting season.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-klosfoto
Categories: Pennsylvania, Crops, Corn, Soybeans