By Blake Jackson
Pigeon fever, a bacterial infection in horses, has nothing to do with pigeons despite its name. The condition gets its nickname from the swelling in the chest area of infected horses, which resembles a pigeon’s puffed-out chest. The infection is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; a bacterium found in soil.
A recent case in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, is a reminder that the disease continues to move beyond its typical western U.S. range.
New cases have been confirmed in northeastern states like Massachusetts and New York, signaling the need for increased awareness among horse owners in those regions.
The bacteria enter a horse's system through small wounds, insect bites, or mucous membranes. While not directly contagious between horses, pigeon fever spreads through contact with contaminated surfaces, equipment, or infected pus. Flies are the most common carriers, transferring bacteria from horse to horse.
There are three clinical forms of pigeon fever. The most common form features external abscesses on the chest and abdomen, causing the notable “pigeon-breasted” appearance.
The second form involves internal abscesses in vital organs, while the third, ulcerative lymphangitis, leads to swollen limbs, cellulitis, and skin ulcers. Horses often show signs like fever, lethargy, and reduced appetite. Prompt recognition is essential for effective treatment.
Preventative care focuses on wound management and fly control. Keeping wounds clean, avoiding shared equipment, and reducing overcrowding can help limit exposure. Maintaining good body condition and minimizing stress are also key.
"The number one thing [for prevention] is fly management," says Dr. Erica Lacher, DVM. Effective fly control includes daily manure removal, eliminating standing water, using fly sprays like Ecovet or Ultrashield Gold, and using fly barriers like sheets and masks.
Fans and fly traps can also reduce fly contact, but consistency is crucial. “The organism [that causes pigeon fever] prefers hot and dry, so paying particular attention during hotter, drier seasons can help,” Dr. Lacher adds.
If you suspect pigeon fever, contact your veterinarian right away. Diagnosis may involve blood tests, ultrasound, or bacterial cultures. Do not attempt to drain abscesses yourself.
“We try to catch absolutely every bit of pus out of the abscesses to prevent more spread,” says Dr. Lacher. Isolate the infected horse and maintain strict hygiene practices to avoid further transmission.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-patrick-jennings
Categories: Pennsylvania, Livestock