By Blake Jackson
Pennsylvania poultry producers are on alert for a new respiratory threat: avian metapneumovirus. This virus, identified in the state in January, has impacted flocks of layers, broilers, turkeys, and breeding birds. While the mortality rate can be significant, with some flocks losing up to 17% of turkeys and 3% of broilers in a single day, the main danger comes from secondary bacterial infections that can devastate flocks.
Symptoms of avian metapneumovirus can be variable, making diagnosis challenging. Birds may exhibit facial swelling, nasal discharge, and even neurological issues. Egg-laying flocks may experience production dips of 6-7%, and some flocks may simply appear lethargic. However, unlike other poultry diseases, metapneumovirus does not affect egg quality.
Currently, there are four identified strains of the virus, with type B impacting states from Pennsylvania to Georgia and type A present in Texas and California. Wild birds are suspected to be carriers of the virus.
Diagnosing a metapneumovirus infection can be tricky. A PCR test is most effective in the initial days of infection, after which blood tests may be necessary. The Pennsylvania state vet lab is developing a more accessible PCR test for in-state use, anticipated for rollout in April.
Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available in the US to protect flocks from avian metapneumovirus. Producers must rely on good management practices and treatment of secondary infections to minimize losses. Maintaining proper ventilation and dry litter, even during cold weather, is crucial for flock health.
Since differentiating avian metapneumovirus from other respiratory diseases can be difficult, Pennsylvania veterinarian Sherrill Davison urges producers to submit birds for testing. Early diagnosis is essential for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and protecting the health of their flocks.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-branex
Categories: Pennsylvania, Livestock, Poultry