Managing yellowing and stunting in small grains

By Blake Jackson

As small grain crops emerge and establish, farmers may encounter challenges such as yellowing, stunting, and sparse growth. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for implementing effective management strategies. Here are some common factors that can affect small grain health:

Viral Diseases

• Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV): This virus, transmitted by aphids, causes yellowing and stunting in infected plants. Early fall scouting for aphids and timely insecticide applications can help manage this disease.
• Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus (SBWMV) and Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Virus (WSSMV): These soilborne viruses can cause severe stunting and yellowing. Resistant varieties and proper crop rotation can help mitigate their impact.

Fungal Diseases

• Pythium Root Rot: This fungal disease thrives in cold, wet conditions and can lead to stunted growth and plant death. Proper drainage and seed treatments can help prevent this disease.
• Septoria Tritici Blotch: This fungal leaf disease causes elongated yellow to brown spots on leaves. Fungicide applications can help manage this disease.
• Cephalosporium Stripe: This soilborne fungal disease causes yellow stripes on leaves and can reduce yield. Crop rotation and resistant varieties can help manage this disease.

Bacterial Diseases

• Bacterial Mosaic of Wheat: This bacterial disease causes yellow flecking on leaves and can be seed-borne. Using certified seed can help prevent this disease.
• Environmental Factors
• Frost Damage: Extreme temperature fluctuations can damage plants, especially during the early growth stages.
• Winter Desiccation: Lack of snow cover can expose plants to harsh winter conditions, leading to injury and reduced growth.

Diagnosis and Management

If you notice unusual symptoms in your small grain fields, it's important to consult with a local extension agent or plant pathologist for accurate diagnosis. They can help determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate management strategies.

By understanding the potential causes of small grain problems and implementing effective management practices, farmers can improve crop health and maximize yields.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-milos-cirkovic