High cattle prices lead to fewer calves this spring

By Blake Jackson

Despite strong financial incentives, the number of calves born this spring is down across the US. This unexpected dip can be attributed to a decrease in heifer retention by ranchers.

According to Bill Dunn, a Pennsylvania cattle producer, the high market value of feeder calves is enticing producers to sell their heifers rather than keeping them for breeding. "Heifer retention is down nationwide, and that translates to fewer calves this spring," he explains.

Spring remains the preferred calving season due to readily available grass, crucial for nourishing both mother and calf, says Dr. Adrian Barragan, a veterinarian with Penn State Extension. However, planning for spring calving is challenging due to market fluctuations. "The markets can change," he says, "so increasing the spring calf crop needs to be gradual."

Another factor favoring spring calving is climate. While spring calves might face summer heat, fall calves would encounter harsh winter conditions. "Calves handle heat better than cold," Dr. Barragan explains.

Interestingly, tradition seems to play a significant role in calving decisions. Studies suggest that economics often take a backseat to established practices and animal well-being.

Unlike poultry or pork production with quicker turnaround times, cattle require a long-term investment. "You're looking at three years" to raise a heifer to breeding age, then factor in pregnancy and raising the resulting calf before any financial return, says Dunn.

The national cattle herd is at its lowest point since 1951, despite steady slaughter production by weight. This efficiency is credited to advancements in genetics, allowing producers to finish cattle faster. Today, a 1,400-pound animal can be ready for market in 14 months, compared to the historical 30-32 months.

While Pennsylvania seems to be defying the national trend with an increase in cattle numbers, long-term industry growth hinges on more affordable heifers. "The only thing that will trigger cow herd expansion is cheaper heifer calves," concludes Dunn. With record-high prices, investing in raising replacements simply doesn't make financial sense for many producers right now.

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