Boost hay yields - alfalfa care beyond year 2

By Blake Jackson

While alfalfa delivers its peak performance in year two, its productivity declines steadily thereafter. By year five, it often becomes unprofitable. However, implementing best practices during this crucial window can extend its lifespan and maintain strong yields. 

Soil Fertility: The Foundation for Success 

The health of your soil directly impacts forage success. On low-fertility land, mixtures of legumes and grasses outperform solo options. Additionally, soil pH significantly influences nutrient availability. Consider conducting a pH test and choosing forages accordingly. 

Plant Genetics: Choosing the Right Champions 

Sod-forming grasses like tall fescue, smooth bromegrass, and reed canarygrass boast deep roots for drought resistance and longevity. Bunch grasses like orchardgrass, timothy, and perennial ryegrass also excel with their tillering abilities. 

Controlling Weeds: Prevention is Key 

Proper seedbed preparation, timely seeding, and utilizing appropriate technologies are crucial for preventing weed problems. Early maturing plant varieties can outcompete weeds by shading them out. If weeds emerge, targeted grazing and mowing offer viable solutions. Avoid relying solely on herbicides, as finding selective options remains challenging. 

Harvesting for Sustainability: Timing is Everything 

Mowing at the wrong time can significantly impact plant longevity. Cutting alfalfa or legumes within six weeks of the first frost weakens them. Generally, aim to finish before September 1st and consider post-frost mowing if needed. Remember, cutting higher promotes better yields and forage quality. 

Drought Management: Adapting Strategies 

During dry periods, prioritize grazing over haymaking. Additionally, focus on controlling tap-rooted broadleaf weeds, which compete with your forages for moisture. 

Post-Drought Recovery: Gentle Does It 

When recovering from drought, continue cutting higher and reduce mowing frequency to allow plants ample time to rebuild their strength.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-pamwalker68