Winter wheat - a hardy cover crop for Pennsylvania farmers

By Blake Jackson

Winter wheat is a hardy cover crop that offers numerous benefits for Pennsylvania farmers. It is known for its ability to survive harsh winters, control erosion, suppress weeds, scavenge nutrients, add organic matter to the soil, and provide forage.

While it may not be as aggressive as cereal rye, winter wheat is a valuable asset for improving soil health and managing fields.

Benefits of Winter Wheat:

• Winter Hardiness: Winter wheat is highly resistant to cold temperatures, making it suitable for most regions of Pennsylvania.
• Erosion Control: Its dense root system helps prevent soil erosion from wind and water.
• Weed Suppression: Winter wheat can effectively suppress weeds, reducing competition for resources.
• Nutrient Scavenging: It helps to recycle nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, improving soil fertility.
• Organic Matter Addition: Winter wheat adds organic matter to the soil, enhancing its structure and water-holding capacity.
• Forage: It can be used for grazing or harvested for hay, providing valuable feed for livestock.

Planting and Management:

• Planting Timing: Winter wheat can be planted from mid-September to mid-October in Pennsylvania. For best results, plant in the northern tier of the state by mid-to-late September.
• Seeding Rate: The recommended seeding rate is 1.5-1.7 million seeds per acre (100-120 lbs/A). Adjust the rate based on planting date, soil conditions, and intended use.
• Fertility: While winter wheat can benefit from fertilizer applications, heavy fertilization is not necessary. Consider applying manure or a balanced fertilizer based on soil test results.
• Weed Control: A good burndown herbicide program is essential for effective weed control. Glyphosate and other herbicides can be used to suppress weeds before and after planting.
• Termination: Winter wheat can be terminated chemically using glyphosate or paraquat. It can also be grazed or harvested for forage.

Considerations:

• Seed Quality: While bin-run seed can be more economical, it may not have predictable characteristics. Consider using certified seed for specific needs.
• Disease and Pest Management: Winter wheat rarely poses a significant disease or pest risk when managed as a cover crop. However, planting in the summer or early fall may increase the risk of certain diseases.

Winter wheat is a versatile and beneficial cover crop that can improve soil health, reduce erosion, and provide valuable forage. By understanding its characteristics and proper management practices, farmers can maximize its benefits for their agricultural operations.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-dleonis