Protect PA crops - fungicides and scouting tips

By Blake Jackson

Pennsylvania corn and soybean growers should be on high alert for diseases and insects as their crops enter critical stages. Timely fungicide and insecticide applications can significantly impact yield.

"Monitor your crops closely and make informed decisions," advises Paul Esker, a Penn State plant pathologist.

For corn, fungicide application is crucial during the early reproductive stages (VT to R2). Delaying application increases fungal disease risk. Kevin Caffrey, an agronomist, recommends applying soybean fungicides around R3, when pods start developing.

"Dry conditions can be deceiving," says Esker. "Even with low rainfall, humidity within the crop canopy can be sufficient for disease development."

Scouting is vital, especially for insects, but preventive fungicide sprays are key for disease control. By the time symptoms appear, it's often too late.

Tar spot, a major corn disease, is expected to reach Pennsylvania soon. Caffrey also advises monitoring gray leaf spots. Southern rust is less likely but could arrive with storms.

For soybeans, septoria brown spot and frogeye leaf spot are potential threats. Early diseases weaken plants, making them vulnerable to future infections.

Armyworm pressure appears to be subsiding, but Japanese beetles are actively feeding on corn and soybeans. Thankfully, beetle control is often more affordable than controlling moths.

"Consider including a beetle insecticide with your fungicide application," suggests Caffrey.

Dry weather has impacted disease pressure and plant growth. While fungicides might not be necessary for short, flowering soybeans, scouting for mites, grasshoppers, and Japanese beetles is crucial. Mexican bean beetles are also a concern in some areas.

Bean leaf beetles pose another threat, with the second generation hatching during pod development, a critical time for yield.

Recent corn price declines might make growers hesitant to invest in crop protectants. However, Caffrey emphasizes the potential yield loss from neglecting these applications.

Finally, consider supplementing your fields with nitrogen, potassium, and sulfur. Extra nitrogen can significantly boost soybean yields, especially when combined with good agronomic practices.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-nes