By Blake Jackson
Dairy farms use a wide range of management styles, and this often leads to differences in standard operating procedures across calf-rearing programs. The weaning process is a clear example.
While the goal is always the same transitioning a calf from liquid feed to solid feed the path to get there should not rely on age alone. Successful weaning depends on whether the calf is physiologically ready to handle the change without setbacks in growth or health.
Calves develop at different rates due to factors such as health challenges, breed differences, twin births, and variations in nutrition. When calves are weaned strictly by age, some may not be ready, leading to poor weight gain, increased respiratory issues, and overall failure to thrive.
Although space, labor, and time constraints play a role in management decisions, the most critical factor for a smooth transition is each calf’s starter feed intake.
Regardless of the type of calf starter used, intake level is key. Calves should be offered a fresh, palatable starter within the first week of life. Early consumption may be small, so feeding small amounts and replacing grain daily is essential.
Wet or stale feed discourages intake, while fresh, appealing grain promotes earlier consumption. Separating grain and water buckets can also help keep starter dry and appetizing.
Rumen development begins once a calf consistently eats about half a pound of starter per day. It then takes roughly three to four weeks for the rumen to fully develop. During this time, volatile fatty acids produced during digestion stimulate rumen papillae growth, allowing efficient nutrient absorption. Calves should not be fully weaned until they consume at least two pounds of starter daily for three consecutive days.
Starter intake not age should guide weaning decisions. Paying close attention to this phase can prevent post-weaning growth slumps and support healthier, more productive calves.
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Categories: Pennsylvania, Livestock, Dairy Cattle