Key Steps for Reviving Pennsylvania Pastures After Drought

By Blake Jackson

Pennsylvania pastures, especially vulnerable to hot, dry summers, may suffer significant damage during extended droughts. If you suspect your pastures didn't survive the previous fall, proactive planning for spring is essential.

Re-establishing pastures is a process that requires patience, as a lush pasture cannot be created overnight.

First, determine if your forage plants are dormant or dead. Look for firm, white or green tissue at the plant's base, indicating life. If unsure, conduct a "bag test."

Next, focus on soil fertility. Ideally, soil testing should have been done previously, with lime and fertilizer applied as recommended. If not, test the soil when it's unfrozen and somewhat dry. Addressing soil conditions promptly is crucial for grass growth.

Apply lime as soon as feasible to neutralize soil acidity, as it can take months to work effectively. Phosphorus (P) is vital for seedling development, so address "Below Optimum" levels before seeding. Potassium (K) should also be addressed, while nitrogen can wait until seedlings establish strong roots.

The optimal seeding window in Pennsylvania is mid-March to mid-May. Avoid planting in cold, wet soil. A no-till drill is the most effective method, creating slits for seed placement and ensuring good soil contact.

If unavailable, broadcast seed and lightly harrow, followed by rolling or cultipacking. Even allowing horses to walk over the seeded area can help. The most challenging aspect is waiting for the grass to establish before grazing.

Premature grazing can uproot seedlings or prevent recovery. Use a "tug test" to assess readiness: if the plant pulls out easily, it's not ready.

Allow the grass to grow to about 6 inches and then mow it down to 3 inches. Repeat this process twice before allowing grazing.

If alternative turnout is unavailable, consider dry lots or renovating pastures in sections. Use temporary fencing to divide pastures and renovate one half at a time. This allows for controlled grazing and recovery.

Maintaining soil fertility, mowing, weed control, and proper grazing management are essential for healthy, resilient pastures. By taking these steps, you can ensure your pastures recover and thrive, even after a challenging summer.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-jacqueline-nix