By Blake Jackson
When discussing pollinator protection, honeybees are often the first to come to mind. These cherished insects not only contribute significantly to honey production but also play a vital role in pollinating food crops. However, honeybees represent only a small portion of pollinating species.
According to Patricia Prade, an entomologist specializing in horticulture, the U.S. is home to approximately 4,500 bee species, with around 560 found in Pennsylvania. By comparison, there are only seven honeybee species globally, and roughly half of the honey sold in the U.S. is imported. Other pollinators, including flies, beetles, and butterflies, also play crucial roles in crop pollination. Surprisingly, even cockroaches can act as pollinators.
Prade explains that honeybees are categorized as social bees, which are less efficient at pollinating compared to solitary bees, which make up about 90% of all bee species. This highlights the need to protect all pollinators, not just honeybees, from various threats.
Pesticides are one of four major contributors to the decline in pollinator populations, alongside pathogens, pests, and poor nutrition. Pollinators can come into contact with pesticides through direct exposure, residue on plants, contaminated water, or sprayed pollen and nectar. Protecting them involves careful pesticide management.
Key strategies include following label instructions and spraying during evening or nighttime, as these times are least harmful to bees. Growers should avoid spraying during blooming periods when pollinators are most active. Integrated pest management, such as monitoring insect issues and using low-toxicity solutions, is also crucial for minimizing chemical use.
Signs of pesticide exposure in pollinators include disorientation, impaired flight, reduced foraging activity, or death. Prade advises growers to minimize spray drift by using low-pressure nozzles, checking weather conditions before application, and communicating with neighbours, including beekeepers and pesticide-sensitive individuals.
Collaborative efforts and responsible practices can significantly help protect pollinators and maintain ecological balance. For additional resources, individuals can consult local agriculture departments for guidance and support.
Photo Credit: pixabay-myriams-fotos
Categories: Pennsylvania, General