By Blake Jackson
As fall migration begins, poultry producers and backyard bird owners are urged to stay alert as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to spread among poultry and wild birds across the United States and globally.
Over the past month alone, detections were reported in 30 commercial and 35 backyard flocks nationwide, affecting about 3.63 million birds.
In Pennsylvania, six poultry flocks in Lancaster County tested positive in October 2025, impacting nearly 58,000 birds. Since the outbreak began in 2022, more than 7 million birds have been affected statewide.
The virus has also been detected in various wildlife species, mammals, and livestock. In spring 2024, HPAI appeared in U.S. dairy cattle herds, though it has not been detected in Pennsylvania.
State milk-testing programs confirm that Pennsylvania’s dairy cattle remain disease-free, with ongoing monitoring to maintain that status. While HPAI infections in dairy cattle are non-lethal, producers who manage multiple animal species should remain vigilant to avoid cross-contamination.
Because wild birds continue to carry the virus, poultry owners are strongly encouraged to implement solid biosecurity measures. Regardless of flock size, every operation should have a biosecurity plan to prevent disease introduction and spread.
Key practices include using dedicated footwear for poultry areas and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting all tools, boots, and equipment before contact with birds. Keep flocks separated from wild birds and wildlife, and store feed securely to prevent contamination.
Housing poultry in enclosed shelters offers the best protection, but if birds are kept outdoors, use fencing and overhead netting to keep wild birds out.
Limit visitors to essential personnel only, ensuring they wear clean clothes and designated footwear and have avoided other flocks for at least 72 hours. Never share equipment or accept unnecessary deliveries at poultry areas. Maintain footbaths with fresh disinfectant and avoid antifreeze, which reduces disinfectant effectiveness in colder weather.
Anyone moving poultry, products, or manure within or out of an HPAI control area must have a movement permit from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA), which requires a premise ID and an approved biosecurity plan.
Producers can register for a premise ID and find guidance on creating biosecurity plans through the Penn State Extension HPAI page or by contacting their poultry specialists.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-branex
Categories: Pennsylvania, Livestock, Dairy Cattle, Poultry