Improve Field Performance with Smart Planting Practices

By Blake Jackson

As spring planting gets underway, growers are shifting their focus from winter equipment maintenance to field performance and real-time adjustments.

According to Sjoerd Willem Duiker, Professor of Soil Management at Penn State Extension, ensuring proper planter and drill operation throughout the day is key to achieving uniform crop emergence.

One important strategy is planting into standing, anchored residue rather than mowed residue. This helps prevent residue from bunching or being dragged by equipment, while also reducing movement caused by wind or water.

Field selection also matters areas with south-facing slopes and lighter residue tend to warm up and dry faster, making them ideal for early planting.

Soil type should also guide planting order. Well-drained or lighter soils should be planted first, as they allow roots to establish quickly and better withstand potential summer drought stress.

Monitoring soil moisture is critical; a simple “ball test” can help determine readiness. If soil crumbles easily, it is suitable for planting, but if it holds together, conditions may be too wet and could lead to compaction that restricts root growth.

Residue management is another key factor. If crop residue was unevenly spread during harvest, adjustments to row cleaners may be necessary to ensure consistent seedbed conditions. Planting into green cover crops can also be beneficial, provided there is enough moisture. In drier conditions, earlier termination may be required to preserve soil water.

Correct planting depth is essential for strong emergence. Corn typically performs best at 1.5 to 2 inches, soybeans at 1 to 1.5 inches, small grains at 1 to 1.25 inches, and forages at shallower depths. Ensuring the seed slot is properly closed promotes good seed-to-soil contact and protects seeds from pests and drying conditions.

Regular checks and timely adjustments can help farmers achieve consistent stands and set the stage for a successful growing season.

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